[248] The China Art Museum, located in the former China Pavilion of Expo 2010, is one of the largest museums in Asia and displays an animated replica of the 12th century painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival. The park has an artificial lake with a sky bridge running across the park. Britain, France, and the United States all carved out outside the walled city of Shanghai, which was still ruled by the Chinese. [264] Today, the most comprehensive art and cultural facility in Shanghai is the China Art Museum. First held in 1996, the Shanghai Biennale has become an important place for Chinese and foreign arts to interact. On 27 May 1949, the People's Liberation Army took control of Shanghai through the Shanghai Campaign. [46] In the 1930s, some 30,000 Ashkenazi Jewish refugees from Europe arrived in the city. [170][171], Shanghai is an international center of research and development and is ranked 5th globally and 2nd in the whole Asia and the Pacific (after Beijing) by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index. Shanghai is officially abbreviated 沪[a] (Hù/Vu2) in Chinese, a contraction of 沪渎[b] (Hù Dú/Vu Doh, "Harpoon Ditch"), a 4th- or 5th-century Jin name for the mouth of Suzhou Creek when it was the main conduit into the ocean. [70], As a result of its construction boom during the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai has among the most Art Deco buildings in the world. [256] Both Benbang and Haipai cuisine make use of a variety of seafood, including freshwater fish, shrimps, and crabs. Elle constitue aussi l'une des plus grandes mégapoles du monde avec plus de dix-huit millions d'habitants. [167] Modern Shanghainese is based on other dialects of Taihu Wu: Suzhounese, Ningbonese, and the local dialect of Songjiang Prefecture. In 2017, the number of domestic tourists increased by 7.5% to 318 million, while the number of overseas tourists increased by 2.2% to 8.73 million. He ordered the excavation of the Huangpu River. [10] According to the 2010 national census, 89.3% of Shanghai's population live in urban areas, and 10.7% live in rural areas. La ville s'est développée tout d'abord exclusivement à Puxi mais, sous l'impulsion du gouvernement, Pudong est devenu une zone de construction de hautes technologies où les entreprises et autres gratte-ciels se multiplient. [133], In September 2013 with the backing of Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, the city launched the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone—the first free-trade zone in mainland China. [306] During the December 2013 Eastern China smog, air pollution rates reached between 23 and 31 times the international standard. [10] New private cars cannot be driven without a license plate, which are sold in monthly license plate auctions. L'empire Disney débarque cette semaine dans l'empire du Milieu, en inaugurant à Shanghai son premier parc d'attractions de Chine continentale. [281] The event is hosted by the Shanghai Municipal Government and supported by the People's Republic Ministry of Commerce. [174][180][181] Fudan University established a joint EMBA program with Washington University in St. Louis in 2002 which has since consistently been ranked as one of the best in the world. [72] Other prominent architects who contributed to the Art Deco style are Clement Palmer and Arthur Turner, who together designed the Peace Hotel, the Metropole Hotel, and the Broadway Mansions;[73] and Austrian architect GH Gonda, who designed the Capitol Theater. [270] A small troupe from Shengxian (now Shengzhou) also began to promote Yue opera on the Shanghainese stage. Étant donné que Shanghai commence à retrouver sa position de ville d'affaires de premier plan en Asie de l'Est, ... Les 23 millions d'habitants de Shanghai jouissent du plus haut revenu du continent et ils ont l’embarras du choix pour satisfaire leurs folies, comme en témoigne la série de restaurants de célébrités et de magasins phares de mode. [76] Like almost all traditional Chinese dwellings, it has a courtyard, which reduces outside noise. [157] As of 2014[update], Buddhism in Shanghai had 114 temples, 1,182 clergical staff, and 453,300 registered followers. However, on some main roads, including all expressways, bicycles and motorcycles are banned. bSub-provincial cities as provincial capitals. Shanghaï affiche 16.6 °C de température en moyenne sur toute l'année. The culture of Shanghai was formed by a combination of the nearby Wuyue culture and the "East Meets West" Haipai culture. Although the port is run by the Shanghai International Port Group under the government of Shanghai, it administratively belongs to Shengsi County, Zhejiang. [61] The provincial-level Municipality of Shanghai administers both the estuary and many of its surrounding islands. Les 56 portiques de Yangshan permettent à Shanghai d’être le plus grand port du monde. [30], During the Qing dynasty, Shanghai became one of the most important sea ports in the Yangtze Delta region as a result of two important central government policy changes: in 1684, the Kangxi Emperor reversed the Ming dynasty prohibition on oceangoing vessels—a ban that had been in force since 1525; and in 1732, the Qianlong Emperor moved the customs office for Jiangsu province (江海关;[e] see Customs House, Shanghai) from the prefectural capital of Songjiang to Shanghai, and gave Shanghai exclusive control over customs collections for Jiangsu's foreign trade. [85] Skyscrapers outside of Lujiazui include the White Magnolia Plaza in Hongkou, the Shimao International Plaza in Huangpu, and the Shanghai Wheelock Square in Jing'an. [303] Elle explique avoir lu des choses sur Weibo, le Twitter chinois. Other notable parks in Shanghai include Lu Xun Park, Century Park, Gucun Park [zh], Gongqing Forest Park, and Jing'an Park. The Shanghai Exhibition Center, an example of Stalinist architecture, Like virtually all governing institutions in mainland China, Shanghai has a parallel party-government system,[89] in which the Party Committee Secretary, officially termed the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary, outranks the Mayor. Même lors des mois les plus secs, les précipitations restent assez importantes. Une ville insérée dans la mondialisation. Elle a accueilli l'Exposition universelle de 2010. Les premières installations de Yangshan ont ouvert en 2005, construites en partie sur les îles Yangshan, de petites îles totalement transformées pour accueillir les infrastructures.Le port est relié au continent par le pont de Donghai de 32,5 kilomètres, dont 26 kilomètres en continu au-dessus de la mer. La ville est dynamique dans le domaine des hautes technologies, dans l'industrie lourde (raffineries de pétrole, sidérurgie, chantiers navals) et … D’année en année, l’excellence universitaire africaine se polarise entre l’Afrique du Sud et l’Égypte. The zone introduced a number of pilot reforms designed to incentivize foreign investment. Publié pour la première fois en 1934 (en noir et blanc), Le Lotus bleuraconte les tribulations du jeune reporter dans la ville des concessions et des fumeries d’opiu… As of 2015[update], these county-level divisions are further divided into the following 210 township-level divisions: 109 towns, 2 townships, and 99 subdistricts. In 2018, Shanghai hosted the first China International Import Expo (CIIE), the world's first import-themed national-level expo. Elle constitue aussi l'une des plus grandes mégapoles du monde avec plus de dix-huit millions d'habitants. [165], The vernacular language spoken in the city is Shanghainese, a dialect of the Taihu Wu subgroup of the Wu Chinese family. [90] The party's committee [zh] acts as the top policy-formulation body, and is typically composed of 12 members (including the secretary). Population size may be affected by changes to administrative divisions. The Shanghai-based SAIC Motor is one of the three largest automotive corporations in China, and has strategic partnerships with Volkswagen and General Motors. 1. [205] Additional tram lines are under planning in Hongqiao Subdistrict and Jiading District as of 2019[update]. C’est l’État le plus peuplé de la planète, avec plus d’1,4 milliard d’habitants. [272] As of 2012, prominent troupes in Shanghai include Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company, Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe [zh], Shanghai Yue Opera House, and Shanghai Huju Opera House.[273]. [305], Air pollution in Shanghai is not as severe as in many other Chinese cities, but is still considered substantial by world standards. Shanghai (Chinese: 上海, Shanghainese pronunciation [zɑ̃̀.hɛ́] (listen), Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂâŋ.xài] (listen)) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China, governed by the State Council. Shanghaï : la crise justifie l'intervention de l'Etat. The Great World opened in 1912 and was a significant stage at the time. The following December, the land area of Shanghai was further expanded to 5,910 km2 (2,281.9 sq mi) after more surrounding suburban areas in Jiangsu were added: Chongming, Jinshan, Qingpu, Fengxian, Chuansha, and Nanhui. Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. 4Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China. In 1990, Deng Xiaoping finally permitted Shanghai to initiate economic reforms, which reintroduced foreign capital to the city and developed the Pudong district, resulting in the birth of Lujiazui. [203] Shanghai reintroduced trams in 2010, as a modern rubber-tire Translohr system in Zhangjiang area of East Shanghai as Zhangjiang Tram. In 2011, Luwan District merged with Huangpu District. [312] On 12 February 2014, China's cabinet announced that a CN¥10 billion (US$1.7 billion) fund will be set up to help companies meet the new environmental standards. Livres numérisés, Shanghai sur Wikilivres As such, the vast majority of its 6,340.5 km2 (2,448.1 sq mi) land area is flat, with an average elevation of 4 m (13 ft). [81] Among the most prominent examples are the 421 m (1,381 ft) high Jin Mao Tower, the 492 m (1,614 ft) high Shanghai World Financial Center, and the 632 m (2,073 ft) high Shanghai Tower, which is the tallest building in China and the second tallest in the world. )", "Market Towns and Waterways: The County of Shang-hai from 1480 to 1910", WikiSatellite view of Shanghai at WikiMapia, First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, claimed by the People's Republic of China, Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley), Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals, Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&oldid=1017444471, Populated places established in the 10th century, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [75], One distinctive cultural element is the shikumen (石库门, "stone storage door") residence, typically two- or three-story gray brick houses with the front yard protected by a heavy wooden door in a stylistic stone arch. [25] The historic center of the city was located on the west bank of the Huangpu (Puxi), near the mouth of Suzhou Creek, connecting it with Lake Tai and the Grand Canal. The plan included a public museum, library, sports stadium, and city hall, which were partially constructed before being interrupted by the Japanese invasion. Elle est située sur la rivière de Huangpu près de l'embouchure du Yangzi Jiang, à l'est de la Chine. The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization, and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in China. 2Open Coastal Cities. This honor was usually reserved for prefectural capitals and not normally given to a mere county seat such as Shanghai. [246][247] The Shanghai Museum has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts in the world, including a large collection of ancient Chinese bronzes and ceramics. The port experienced thriving trade with provinces along the Yangtze and the Chinese coast, as well as with foreign countries such as Japan and Silla. The base fare is CN¥18 (US$2.55) between 11:00 pm and 5:00 am. Its former or poetic name, the Chunshen River, gave Shanghai its nickname of "Shēn". Since 2004, it has hosted the Chinese Grand Prix, a round of the Formula One World Championship. [186] Shanghai is also home to the cadre school China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong and the China Europe International Business School. [38] In 1914, the Old City walls were dismantled because they blocked the city's expansion. Dans les années 1920 et 1930, Shanghai a été le théâtre d'un formidable essor culturel qui a beaucoup contribué à l'aura mythique et fantasmatique qui est associée à la ville depuis cette époque. Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming economy of China. [149] According to the OECD, Shanghai's metropolitan area has an estimated population of 34 million. Modern Asian Studies, Vol.13, No.2. In summer and the beginning of autumn, the city is susceptible to typhoons. Notable theaters in Shanghai include the Shanghai Grand Theatre, the Oriental Art Center, and the People's Theatre. [71] His most notable Art Deco buildings include the Park Hotel, the Grand Cinema, and the Paramount. Among the refugees in the Shanghai Ghetto was the Mirrer Yeshiva, including its students and faculty. [139][140], Shanghai is home to China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in mainland China. The radical leftist Jiang Qing and her three allies, together the Gang of Four, were based in the city. Japan built the first factories in Shanghai, which was soon copied by other foreign powers. 24 millions d’hab., ville la plus peuplée de Chine. [58] Its importance to the fiscal well-being of the central government also denied it from economic liberalizations begun in 1978. Board of Directors of the Oriental Library, Nicole Huang, "Introduction," in Eileen Chang, Written on Water, translated by Andrew F. Jones (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), XI. In recent years, cycling has seen a resurgence in popularity due to the emergence of a large number of dockless app-based bicycle-sharing systems, such as Mobike, Bluegogo, and ofo. Fuxing Park, located in the former French Concession, features formal French-style gardens and is surrounded by high-end bars and cafes. Ressources pédagogiques. The city is a seat of two members (Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University) of the C9 League, an alliance of elite Chinese universities offering comprehensive and leading education,[179] and these two universities are ranked in the global top 100 research comprehensive universities according to the most influential university rankings in the world such as QS Rankings, Shanghai Rankings, and Times Higher Education Rankings. Découvrez Shanghai comme vous ne l’avez jamais vue avec un de nos guides présents sur place pour vous accompagner et organiser votre séjour ! Vegetation can be grown in the courtyard, and it can also allow for sunlight and ventilation to the rooms. [25] Fishermen living in the Shanghai area then created a fish tool called the hù, which lent its name to the outlet of Suzhou Creek north of the Old City and became a common nickname and abbreviation for the city. [134] In August 2014, fDi magazine named Shanghai the "Chinese Province of the Future 2014/15" due to "particularly impressive performances in the Business Friendliness and Connectivity categories, as well as placing second in the Economic Potential and Human Capital and Lifestyle categories". [163], Islam came into Shanghai during the Yuan dynasty. Location of Shanghai Municipality in China. [222], Shanghai has three high-speed railways (HSRs): Beijing–Shanghai HSR (overlaps with Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu passenger railway), Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway, and Shanghai–Kunming HSR. The race is staged annually at the Shanghai International Circuit. Shanghai is located on an alluvial plain. Shanghai is a major hub of China's expressway network. Le Yangzi Jiang est le plus long fleuve d’Asie (6380 km) et le 3 e du monde. 1 A u sein des villes chinoises, Pékin, Shanghai et HongKong se distinguent aisément par leur poids démographique, leur fonction dans l’organisation de l’espace continental et leur image de métropoles modernes tournées vers l’Asie orientale et le monde développé. [101], Officials with ties to the Shanghai administration collectively form a powerful faction in the central government known as the Shanghai Clique, which has often been viewed to compete against the rival Youth League Faction over personnel appointments and policy decisions. Since the 1960s, many tram lines were either dismantled or replaced by trolleybus or motorbus lines;[202] the last tram line was demolished in 1975. [155], Buddhism, in its Chinese varieties, has had a presence in Shanghai since the Three Kingdoms period, during which the Longhua Temple—the largest temple in Shanghai—and the Jing'an Temple were founded. [308] Levels of PM2.5 in Putuo District reached 726 micrograms per cubic meter. [34] On 30 May 1925, the May Thirtieth Movement broke out when a worker in a Japanese-owned cotton mill was shot and killed by a Japanese foreman.
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